Mark IV Simulator using Blender for its graphics

We wrote Anton in hopes of learning more about the project. He gave us a rundown on the project and how Blender is utilized within it. I’ll let Anton take it from here:

I’m a researcher at Massey University in New Zealand, and together with a small group of contributors, I’m building the open-source Mark IV engine as a hobby project in my spare time. The aim of the project is to develop a 3D engine that can be used to simulate armoured warfare, with rules similar to those of traditional table-top war-games, but in real-time. I’m also using it as a test-bed to prove that some of the Artificial Intelligence algorithms that I have previously developed for robotics projects are also applicable to the field of computer games and simulation. I’m currently working on the networking engine to be used by the simulator, so that groups of human players can interact together.

Previous projects had fallen apart due to over-dependence on proprietary tools, so I was very interested in building this 3D engine with popular free tools, that were available to everyone that wanted to work on the project. I also wanted to make the simulator multi-platform, as there is no longer any need to develop strictly to Windows.

Right from the start I knew that Blender was the 3d modeling program to go for – free, just as powerful as commercial modelers, multi-platform, and easy to use. The perfect choice for hobbyists who want to jump into 3D-modeling quickly and get great results immediately. I actually chose the rest of the components of the 3D engine based on the criteria that they would be compatible with Blender models.

I ended up using OGRE 3D as my graphics library, which supplies some scripts to export Blender models into the OGRE 3D format. I found some beginner-level tutorials on making game models with Blender, and have used these to quickly educate myself and others (it takes about 2 hours to get up to speed) to a level where we can start producing the vehicles used in the simulator.

We have perfected a little production process, that involves using blueprints or photos of real tanks and vehicles as a template for our Blender models. If you set the blueprints (which usually have a front, top and side projection) to the backgrounds in your different Blender windows, you can then design your model to real specifications (with a little bit of artistic license).

The other area where Blender is really nice to use is applying textures to the models. We don’t have time to do any original textures ourselves, so we have collected scraps of textures from photos, diagrams, drawings, and other places, which usually result in a motley collection of pictures of tanks taken at odd angles that we somehow have to make fit onto the model.

It’s actually really easy to do this with Blender, which lets you map the model to the picture, rather than have to painstakingly beat all of the textures into shape by hand. You can produce some models in this way that look very realistic. We’ve also grabbed textures from professional computer-game equivalents and stuck these on our models so we can see how much better they look on the models we’ve made in Blender in under 2 hours ;-).

The models are going to be viewed mostly from a moderately long distance, so we don’t need to worry too much about detail, but we will be adding some animations (moving turrets etc.), which are also quite easy to do in Blender, and compatible with OGRE 3D animations. We’ve thought about moving tracks, deforming tracks to match terrain, and other enhancements, but we would really rather reserve that CPU time for rendering more tanks onto the battlefield!

We are developing our Blender models on different workstations; Kubuntu Linux, and Windows XP, and have found Blender to work well on both platforms. Eventually we will be incorporating field artillery, aircraft, and infantry, which will all be built in Blender. The only problems we have had with Blender is keeping the scale and rotation of our models consistent between developers; there doesn’t appear to be an easy way to set the length of our vehicles to a particular size (i.e. in meters) to make sure that we are all building to a consistent scale.

Regards Anton

If you’d like to find out more about the Mark IV Simulator make sure to check out the development blog located here.

There is even a little tutorial on integrating a model into Mark IV, which can be found here.